---
title: "Session 10"
description: "Test cases and test report for the matrix transpose web page"
image: "https://syntax.theether.in/og.png"
---

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# Session 10

This session produces the test cases for the transpose page built in Session 9 and the test report written after running them. Web page testing differs from the C program testing in Session 8: there is no exit code, the input is clicks and keystrokes, and the output is what appears on screen. The cases therefore describe exact screen actions and exact page text. The report at the end is the document a project manager reads; the test case table is what the tester works from.

## Objectives

- Write test cases for a browser page in terms of user actions and visible results
- Group cases into functional, validation, boundary, and usability categories
- Execute every case in a named browser and record the actual result
- Write a test report with environment, summary counts, defects with severity, and a conclusion

## Problem Statement

Develop test cases for the web pages of 9(a). Then, develop test report after testing using the test cases developed.

## Concept

### Four categories

Functional cases check that the page does what the manual asks: two text boxes, Input Elements builds the grid, Compute Transpose shows the transpose. Validation cases feed bad input at each stage and expect a clear message and no wrong output. Boundary cases sit on the edges of the allowed range: 1 x 1, 10 x 10, 0, 11. Usability cases check things the manual implies but does not say: labels match, errors are readable, a second run does not leave rubbish from the first.

### Precondition for a web test

For a page, the precondition is the screen state before the action: "page freshly loaded" or "2 x 3 grid shown with all boxes filled". Writing it down stops two testers from getting different results because one had leftovers from a previous case.

### Expected output for a page

Say what the user sees, in words a second person can check: the text of the message, the number of boxes, the size and contents of the result table. "Works correctly" is not an expected output.

### Severity scale

Use one scale for the whole record. Critical: wrong output or crash on normal input. High: a required feature missing or unusable. Medium: wrong behaviour on unusual but plausible input. Low: cosmetic, or wrong only on input no user would give. Note: an observation with no defect. Every defect in the report carries one of these words, so two readers rate the same defect the same way.

### The test report

The report is separate from the case table. It records the environment (browser and version, operating system, date), the counts (total, passed, failed, blocked), the defects with severity, and a one-paragraph conclusion on whether the page is fit to submit. Blocked means the case could not be run, for instance because an earlier failure prevented reaching the state it needs.

## Test Cases

Page under test: `transpose.html` from Session 9, opened directly from disk in the browser. Every case starts from a freshly loaded page unless the precondition says otherwise.

| TC id | Feature | Precondition | Input | Expected output | Actual output | Status |
| ----- | ------- | ------------ | ----- | --------------- | ------------- | ------ |
| WT-01 | Functional: initial screen | page loaded | none | Two number boxes labelled Rows and Columns and one button labelled Input Elements; no grid; no result | As expected | Pass |
| WT-02 | Functional: grid generation | page loaded | Rows 2, Columns 3, click Input Elements | Heading "Enter 2 x 3 elements", 6 boxes in 2 rows of 3, button Compute Transpose below | Heading, 2 x 3 grid and button shown | Pass |
| WT-03 | Functional: transpose of rectangular matrix | 2 x 3 grid shown | fill 1 2 3 / 4 5 6, click Compute Transpose | Heading "Transpose (3 x 2)" and table 1 4 / 2 5 / 3 6 | Transpose (3 x 2): 1 4 / 2 5 / 3 6 | Pass |
| WT-04 | Functional: transpose of square matrix | 2 x 2 grid shown | fill 1 2 / 3 4, click Compute Transpose | Transpose (2 x 2): 1 3 / 2 4 | 1 3 / 2 4 | Pass |
| WT-05 | Functional: column vector | 3 x 1 grid shown | fill 7 / 8 / 9, click Compute Transpose | Transpose (1 x 3): single row 7 8 9 | 7 8 9 in one row | Pass |
| WT-06 | Functional: negative and decimal elements | 1 x 2 grid shown | fill -3 and 2.5, click Compute Transpose | Transpose (2 x 1): -3 / 2.5 | -3 / 2.5 | Pass |
| WT-07 | Functional: repeat with new dimensions | WT-03 completed | change Rows to 1, Columns to 1, click Input Elements | Old grid and old result removed; single box and Compute Transpose shown | Old grid and result cleared, 1 x 1 grid shown | Pass |
| WT-08 | Validation: blank dimensions | page loaded | click Input Elements with both boxes empty | Error "Rows and columns must be whole numbers from 1 to 10."; no grid | Error shown, no grid | Pass |
| WT-09 | Validation: zero rows | page loaded | Rows 0, Columns 3, click Input Elements | Same error; no grid | Error shown, no grid | Pass |
| WT-10 | Validation: decimal dimension | page loaded | Rows 2.5, Columns 2, click Input Elements | Same error; no grid | Error shown, no grid | Pass |
| WT-11 | Validation: negative dimension | page loaded | Rows -1, Columns 2, click Input Elements | Same error; no grid | Error shown, no grid | Pass |
| WT-12 | Validation: letters in dimension | page loaded | type abc in Rows, Columns 2, click Input Elements | Same error; no grid | Browser number box does not accept letters; value stays empty; error shown | Pass |
| WT-13 | Validation: blank element | 2 x 2 grid shown | leave box (1,2) empty, fill others, click Compute Transpose | Error "Element (1,2) must be a number."; no result table | Error shown, no result | Pass |
| WT-14 | Validation: element error clears on retry | WT-13 state | fill box (1,2) with 9, click Compute Transpose | Error text removed; transpose shown | Error cleared, result shown | Pass |
| WT-15 | Boundary: 1 x 1 | page loaded | Rows 1, Columns 1, Input Elements, fill 5, Compute Transpose | Transpose (1 x 1): 5 | 5 | Pass |
| WT-16 | Boundary: 10 x 10 | page loaded | Rows 10, Columns 10, click Input Elements | 100 boxes in 10 rows; page still usable | 100 boxes shown; grid fits within the page width | Pass |
| WT-17 | Boundary: 11 rows | page loaded | Rows 11, Columns 1, click Input Elements | Error; no grid | Error shown, no grid | Pass |
| WT-18 | Boundary: 1 x 10 | page loaded | Rows 1, Columns 10, Input Elements, fill 1 to 10, Compute Transpose | Transpose (10 x 1): 1 to 10 in one column | Ten rows, 1 to 10 | Pass |
| WT-19 | Usability: button labels | page loaded | read the page | Buttons read exactly Input Elements and Compute Transpose | Labels match the manual | Pass |
| WT-20 | Usability: error visibility | WT-08 state | read the page | Error is red text under the button, not an alert box | Red text under the button | Pass |
| WT-21 | Usability: keyboard entry | 2 x 2 grid shown | Tab between boxes and type values | Tab moves left to right, top to bottom, then to the button | Tab order follows reading order | Pass |
| WT-22 | Usability: dimension change without clicking Input Elements | 2 x 3 grid filled | change Rows to 3 without clicking Input Elements, click Compute Transpose | Transpose still computed for the 2 x 3 grid that is on screen | Transpose (3 x 2) shown, matching the visible grid | Pass |
| WT-23 | Usability: no page reload | 2 x 3 grid filled | click Compute Transpose | Page does not reload; typed values remain in the grid | Values remain, no reload | Pass |
| WT-24 | Validation: very large element | 1 x 1 grid shown | fill 99999999999999999999, click Compute Transpose | Value displayed as entered | Displayed as 100000000000000000000 | Fail (WD-01) |

## Test Report

### Test environment

| Item | Value |
| ---- | ----- |
| Page under test | `transpose.html` (Session 9), opened from local disk |
| Browser | Google Chrome 130, default settings, JavaScript enabled |
| Operating system | macOS 15 |
| Tester | student name and enrolment number |
| Date | 2026-09-26 |
| Test data | as listed in the Input column of each case |

### Summary

| Category | Total | Passed | Failed | Blocked |
| -------- | ----- | ------ | ------ | ------- |
| Functional | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Validation | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Boundary | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Usability | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| All | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 |

Pass rate: 96 percent. No case was blocked; every case reached the state its precondition needed.

### Defects found

| Defect id | Found by | Description | Severity | Cause | Suggested fix | Status |
| --------- | -------- | ----------- | -------- | ----- | ------------- | ------ |
| WD-01 | WT-24 | A 20-digit element is displayed as 100000000000000000000, not the digits typed. | Low | `Number(v)` converts the text to a floating-point value, which cannot hold 20 significant digits exactly. | Keep the element as the trimmed string for display and only use `Number` for the validity check. | Open |
| WD-02 | WT-12 (observation) | Letters cannot be typed into the dimension boxes because they are `type="number"`, so the letters case is handled by the browser, not by the page script. | Note | Native number input behaviour. | None needed; record that the validation regular expression still guards paste and non-standard browsers. | Closed |

### Conclusion

The page meets the problem statement: two text boxes, a button labelled Input Elements that generates the element boxes, and a button labelled Compute Transpose that displays the transpose. All functional, boundary, and usability cases passed. The one failure, WD-01, concerns a 20-digit element outside any realistic use of the page and is rated low; it does not affect the transpose logic. The page is fit for submission with WD-01 recorded as a known limitation.

## Viva Questions

- **Q:** How does testing a web page differ from testing the C program? **A:** Input is user actions, output is screen text, and there is no exit code; the expected output must describe what the user sees.
- **Q:** What does "blocked" mean in the summary? **A:** The case could not be executed, usually because a prerequisite state could not be reached.
- **Q:** Why is WT-22 a usability case and not a validation case? **A:** The input is valid; the question is whether the page behaves sensibly when the user changes a box without clicking the button.
- **Q:** Why does WT-12 pass even though the page script never saw the letters? **A:** The expected output was "error and no grid", and that is what happened; the report notes which layer enforced it.
- **Q:** Why is WD-01 low severity? **A:** It needs a 20-digit input, produces a visibly rounded number, and does not affect the transpose of ordinary values.
- **Q:** Why is the test environment recorded? **A:** A different browser or version can behave differently; the report must say where the results hold.
- **Q:** What is the difference between the test case table and the test report? **A:** The table is the tester's working document; the report summarises results, defects, and a fitness decision for the reader.
- **Q:** What would a 100 percent pass rate on the first run suggest? **A:** That the cases were not hard enough; every table should include cases designed to break the page.

## Common Mistakes

- Writing "works" or "displays correctly" as expected output. Name the text and the numbers.
- Skipping the precondition, so a case that relies on a grid from an earlier case cannot be repeated on its own.
- Testing only 2 x 2 and 3 x 3. The 1 x 1, 1 x 10, 10 x 10, 0, and 11 cases are the ones that find bugs.
- Leaving the browser name and date out of the report.
- Reporting a defect without a severity, or giving every defect the same severity.
- Not retesting after clearing an error (WT-14). A page that shows an error and never recovers is a defect.

## Session Summary

- Test case table with 24 cases across functional, validation, boundary, and usability
- Test environment table
- Summary table with total, passed, failed, blocked per category
- Defect table with WD-01 and WD-02, each with severity and suggested fix
- Conclusion stating whether the page is fit to submit

Source: https://syntax.theether.in/mcs-217/session-10/index.mdx